{"channel":"misc","content":"From the archives: a list of the 78 << firmament >> terms from a linguistic taxonomy.\r\n\r\nThe idea is, that once the basics are handled, one can begin with simple words, like << dog >> and << blue >> and << wood >>.\r\n\r\n--MORE--\r\n\r\n We must imagine Sisyphus Happy ...\r\n\r\n <<<\r\n|------|---------|--------|---------|--------|------------|\r\n| Code | English | French | Chinese | Korean | Definition |\r\n|------|---------|--------|---------|--------|------------|\r\n| 1 | I / me | je / moi | \u6211 (w\u01d2) | \ub098 (na) | First-person singular pronoun referring to oneself as the subject or object |\r\n| 2 | you (singular) | tu / toi | \u4f60 (n\u01d0) | \ub108 (neo) | Second-person singular pronoun addressing a single person |\r\n| 3 | he / she / it | il / elle / \u00e7a | \u4ed6 / \u5979 / \u5b83 (t\u0101) | \uadf8/\uadf8\ub140/\uadf8\uac83 (geu/geunyeo/geugeot) | Third-person singular pronoun referring to another person or thing |\r\n| 4 | royal we | nous royal | \u6211\u4eec (w\u01d2men) | \uc9d0 (jim) | First-person plural pronoun used by royalty or authority figures to refer to themselves |\r\n| 5 | me and you | moi et toi | \u6211\u548c\u4f60 (w\u01d2 h\u00e9 n\u01d0) | \ub098\uc640 \ub108 (nawa neo) | First and second person pronouns combined as subjects |\r\n| 6 | you (plural) | vous | \u4f60\u4eec (n\u01d0men) | \ub108\ud76c (neohui) | Second-person plural pronoun addressing multiple people |\r\n| 7 | they | ils / elles | \u4ed6\u4eec / \u5979\u4eec (t\u0101men) | \uadf8\ub4e4 (geudeul) | Third-person plural pronoun referring to multiple people or things |\r\n| 8 | me and them | moi et eux | \u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec (w\u01d2 h\u00e9 t\u0101men) | \ub098\uc640 \uadf8\ub4e4 (nawa geudeul) | First-person singular and third-person plural pronouns combined |\r\n| 9 | you and he/she/they | toi et lui/elle/eux | \u4f60\u548c\u4ed6/\u5979/\u4ed6\u4eec (n\u01d0 h\u00e9 t\u0101/t\u0101men) | \ub108\uc640 \uadf8/\uadf8\ub140/\uadf8\ub4e4 (neowa geu/geunyeo/geudeul) | Second and third person pronouns combined as subjects |\r\n| 11 | this | ceci | \u8fd9 (zh\u00e8) | \uc774\uac83 (igeot) | Demonstrative pronoun referring to something near the speaker |\r\n| 12 | that | cela | \u90a3 (n\u00e0) | \uc800\uac83 (jeogeot) | Demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant from the speaker |\r\n| 13 | the other | l'autre | \u522b\u7684 (bi\u00e9 de) | \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83 (dareun geot) | Pronoun referring to something different from what was previously mentioned |\r\n| 21 | logical AND | et | \u548c/\u4e0e (h\u00e9/y\u01d4) | \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 (geurigo) | Logical operator indicating both conditions must be true |\r\n| 22 | logical INCLUSIVE-OR | ou | \u6216 (hu\u00f2) | \ub610\ub294 (ttoneun) | Logical operator meaning either or both conditions can be true |\r\n| 23 | logical EXCLUSIVE-OR | ou exclusif | \u5f02\u6216 (y\u00ec hu\u00f2) | \ubc30\ud0c0\uc801 \ub610\ub294 (baetajeok ttoneun) | Logical operator meaning exactly one condition must be true |\r\n| 24 | logical NOT | ne pas | \u4e0d (b\u00f9) | \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4 (anida) | Logical operator that negates or inverts a condition |\r\n| 31 | boolean TRUE | vrai | \u771f (zh\u0113n) | \ucc38 (cham) | Boolean value representing a condition that is factually correct |\r\n| 32 | boolean FALSE | faux | \u5047 (ji\u01ce) | \uac70\uc9d3 (geojit) | Boolean value representing a condition that is factually incorrect |\r\n| 33 | boolean INDETERMINATE | ind\u00e9termin\u00e9 | \u4e0d\u5b9a (b\u00f9d\u00ecng) | \ubbf8\ud655\uc815 (mihwakjeong) | Boolean value representing a condition that cannot be determined to be true or false |\r\n| 34 | boolean UNKNOWN | inconnu | \u672a\u77e5 (w\u00e8izh\u012b) | \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c (al su eobseum) | Boolean value representing a condition whose truth value is not yet known |\r\n| 35 | boolean RANDOM | al\u00e9atoire | \u968f\u673a (su\u00edj\u012b) | \ubb34\uc791\uc704 (mujakwi) | Boolean value that is randomly determined to be either true or false |\r\n| 41 | reference name definition | d\u00e9finition de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence | \u5f15\u7528\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49 (y\u01d0ny\u00f2ng m\u00edng d\u00ecngy\u00ec) | \ucc38\uc870\uba85 \uc815\uc758 (chamjomyeong jeongui) | Symbol that establishes a name for later reference |\r\n| 42 | reference link | lien de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence | \u5f15\u7528\u94fe\u63a5 (y\u01d0ny\u00f2ng li\u00e0nji\u0113) | \ucc38\uc870 \ub9c1\ud06c (chamjo lingkeu) | Symbol that refers back to a previously defined reference |\r\n| 51 | list beginning indicator | d\u00e9but de liste | \u5217\u8868\u5f00\u59cb (li\u00e8bi\u01ceo k\u0101ish\u01d0) | \ubaa9\ub85d \uc2dc\uc791 \ud45c\uc2dc (mogrok sijak pyosi) | Symbol indicating the start of a list structure |\r\n| 52 | list separator indicator | s\u00e9parateur de liste | \u5217\u8868\u5206\u9694\u7b26 (li\u00e8bi\u01ceo f\u0113ng\u00e9f\u00fa) | \ubaa9\ub85d \uad6c\ubd84 \ud45c\uc2dc (mogrok gubeun pyosi) | Symbol separating items within a list |\r\n| 53 | list terminator indicator | fin de liste | \u5217\u8868\u7ed3\u675f (li\u00e8bi\u01ceo ji\u00e9sh\u00f9) | \ubaa9\ub85d \uc885\ub8cc \ud45c\uc2dc (mogrok jongyo pyosi) | Symbol indicating the end of a list structure |\r\n| 61 | string beginning indicator | d\u00e9but de cha\u00eene | \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u59cb (z\u00ecf\u00fachu\u00e0n k\u0101ish\u01d0) | \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4 \uc2dc\uc791 \ud45c\uc2dc (munjalyeol sijak pyosi) | Symbol marking the beginning of a text string |\r\n| 62 | string ending indicator | fin de cha\u00eene | \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u675f (z\u00ecf\u00fachu\u00e0n ji\u00e9sh\u00f9) | \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4 \uc885\ub8cc \ud45c\uc2dc (munjalyeol jongyo pyosi) | Symbol marking the end of a text string |\r\n| 71 | namespace indicator | indicateur d'espace de noms | \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u6807\u8bc6 (m\u00ecngm\u00edng k\u014dngji\u0101n bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \ud45c\uc2dc (neimseupeseu pyosi) | Symbol separating hierarchical naming contexts |\r\n| 81 | number indicator | indicateur de nombre | \u6570\u5b57\u6807\u8bc6 (sh\u00f9z\u00ec bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \uc22b\uc790 \ud45c\uc2dc (sutja pyosi) | Symbol indicating that what follows is a numeric value |\r\n| 82 | Unicode code point indicator | indicateur de point de code Unicode | Unicode\u7801\u4f4d\u6807\u8bc6 (Unicode m\u01cew\u00e8i bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \uc720\ub2c8\ucf54\ub4dc \ucf54\ub4dc \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8 \ud45c\uc2dc (yunikodeu kodeu pointeu pyosi) | Symbol indicating a specific Unicode character reference |\r\n| 91 | use-mention indicator | indicateur d'usage-mention | \u4f7f\u7528-\u63d0\u53ca\u6807\u8bc6 (sh\u01d0y\u00f2ng-t\u00edj\u00ed bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \uc0ac\uc6a9-\uc5b8\uae09 \ud45c\uc2dc (sayong-eongeup pyosi) | Symbol distinguishing between using a term and mentioning it |\r\n| 101 | conversational register | registre conversationnel | \u4f1a\u8bdd\u8bed\u57df (hu\u00echu\u00e0 y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \ub300\ud654\uccb4 (daehwache) | Linguistic marker indicating casual speech between peers |\r\n| 102 | inquiry register / question mark | registre interrogatif | \u7591\u95ee\u8bed\u57df / \u5417 (y\u00edw\u00e8n y\u01d4y\u00f9 / ma) | \uc758\ubb38\uccb4 / ? (uimunche) | Linguistic marker indicating a question is being asked |\r\n| 103 | command register | registre imp\u00e9ratif | \u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u57df (m\u00ecngl\u00ecng y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uba85\ub839\uccb4 (myeongryeongche) | Linguistic marker indicating a directive or instruction |\r\n| 104 | suggestion register | registre suggestif | \u5efa\u8bae\u8bed\u57df / \u5427 (ji\u00e0ny\u00ec y\u01d4y\u00f9 / ba) | \uc81c\uc548\uccb4 (jeanche) | Linguistic marker indicating a recommendation or suggestion |\r\n| 105 | declaratory register | registre d\u00e9claratif | \u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u57df (ch\u00e9nsh\u00f9 y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uc11c\uc220\uccb4 (seosulche) | Linguistic marker indicating a statement of fact |\r\n| 106 | observational register | registre observationnel | \u89c2\u5bdf\u8bed\u57df (gu\u0101nch\u00e1 y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uad00\ucc30\uccb4 (gwanchalche) | Linguistic marker indicating a direct observation |\r\n| 107 | intent declaration register | registre de d\u00e9claration d'intention | \u610f\u56fe\u58f0\u660e\u8bed\u57df (y\u00ect\u00fa sh\u0113ngm\u00edng y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uc758\ub3c4 \uc120\uc5b8\uccb4 (uido seoneonche) | Linguistic marker indicating a statement of future intention |\r\n| 141 | politeness indicator: to a divine entity | indicateur de politesse: divinit\u00e9 | \u656c\u795e\u8bed (j\u00ecngsh\u00e9n y\u01d4) | \uc2e0\uc559 \uacbd\uc5b4 (sinang gyeongeo) | Linguistic marker showing extreme deference to a deity |\r\n| 151 | politeness indicator: towards a guardian/parent | indicateur de politesse: parent | \u5c0a\u957f\u8bed (z\u016bnzh\u01ceng y\u01d4) | \ubd80\ubaa8 \uc874\ub300\uc5b4 (bumo jondaeeo) | Linguistic marker showing respect to a parent figure |\r\n| 152 | politeness indicator: to a government official | indicateur de politesse: officiel | \u5b98\u65b9\u656c\u8bed (gu\u0101nf\u0101ng j\u00ecngy\u01d4) | \uad00\ub9ac \uc874\ub300\uc5b4 (gwalli jondaeeo) | Linguistic marker showing respect to an authority figure |\r\n| 153 | politeness indicator: to a peer | indicateur de politesse: pair | \u5e73\u8f88\u8bed (p\u00edngb\u00e8i y\u01d4) | \ub3d9\ub8cc \uc874\ub300\uc5b4 (dongryo jondaeeo) | Linguistic marker showing respect to equals |\r\n| 154 | politeness indicator: to a close friend | indicateur de politesse: ami proche | \u4eb2\u53cb\u8bed (q\u012bny\u01d2u y\u01d4) | \uce5c\uad6c \ubc18\ub9d0 (chingu banmal) | Linguistic marker showing familiarity to friends |\r\n| 155 | politeness indicator: to a small child | indicateur de politesse: petit enfant | \u7ae5\u8bed (t\u00f3ng y\u01d4) | \uc544\uc774 \ubc18\ub9d0 (ai banmal) | Linguistic marker showing gentle speech to children |\r\n| 201 | category: time | cat\u00e9gorie: temps | \u65f6\u95f4\u7c7b (sh\u00edji\u0101n l\u00e8i) | \uc2dc\uac04 \ubc94\uc8fc (sigan beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to temporal dimensions |\r\n| 202 | category: place | cat\u00e9gorie: lieu | \u5730\u70b9\u7c7b (d\u00ecdi\u01cen l\u00e8i) | \uc7a5\uc18c \ubc94\uc8fc (jangso beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to spatial locations |\r\n| 203 | category: element | cat\u00e9gorie: \u00e9l\u00e9ment | \u5143\u7d20\u7c7b (yu\u00e1ns\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \uc6d0\uc18c \ubc94\uc8fc (wonso beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to fundamental substances |\r\n| 204 | category: number | cat\u00e9gorie: nombre | \u6570\u5b57\u7c7b (sh\u00f9z\u00ec l\u00e8i) | \uc22b\uc790 \ubc94\uc8fc (sutja beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to numeric values |\r\n| 211 | category: animal | cat\u00e9gorie: animal | \u52a8\u7269\u7c7b (d\u00f2ngw\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \ub3d9\ubb3c \ubc94\uc8fc (dongmul beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to fauna |\r\n| 212 | category: plant | cat\u00e9gorie: plante | \u690d\u7269\u7c7b (zh\u00edw\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \uc2dd\ubb3c \ubc94\uc8fc (singmul beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to flora |\r\n| 213 | category: microbe | cat\u00e9gorie: microbe | \u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7c7b (w\u0113ish\u0113ngw\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \ubbf8\uc0dd\ubb3c \ubc94\uc8fc (misaengmul beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to microscopic organisms |\r\n| 221 | category: majestic object | cat\u00e9gorie: objet majestueux | \u5b8f\u4f1f\u7269\u4f53\u7c7b (h\u00f3ngw\u011bi w\u00f9t\u01d0 l\u00e8i) | \uc6c5\uc7a5\ud55c \ubb3c\uccb4 \ubc94\uc8fc (ungjanghan muljae beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to impressive natural or constructed objects |\r\n| 222 | category: network object | cat\u00e9gorie: objet r\u00e9seau | \u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b (w\u01cenglu\u00f2 du\u00ecxi\u00e0ng l\u00e8i) | \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uac1d\uccb4 \ubc94\uc8fc (neteuwokeu gaechae beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to connected systems |\r\n| 223 | category: appliance | cat\u00e9gorie: appareil | \u7535\u5668\u7c7b (di\u00e0nq\u00ec l\u00e8i) | \uac00\uc804\uc81c\ud488 \ubc94\uc8fc (gajeonjedeum beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to functional machines |\r\n| 224 | category: personal object | cat\u00e9gorie: objet personnel | \u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u7c7b (g\u00e8r\u00e9n w\u00f9p\u01d0n l\u00e8i) | \uac1c\uc778 \ubb3c\ud488 \ubc94\uc8fc (gaein mulpum beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to items owned by individuals |\r\n| 301 | descriptor: shape | descripteur: forme | \u5f62\u72b6\u63cf\u8ff0 (x\u00edngzhu\u00e0ng mi\u00e1osh\u00f9) | \ud615\ud0dc \ubb18\uc0ac (hyeongtae myosa) | Modifier indicating physical configuration |\r\n| 302 | descriptor: color | descripteur: couleur | \u989c\u8272\u63cf\u8ff0 (y\u00e1ns\u00e8 mi\u00e1osh\u00f9) | \uc0c9\uc0c1 \ubb18\uc0ac (saeksang myosa) | Modifier indicating visual hue |\r\n| 303 | descriptor: size, scale, duration | descripteur: taille, \u00e9chelle, dur\u00e9e | \u5927\u5c0f/\u89c4\u6a21/\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u63cf\u8ff0 (d\u00e0xi\u01ceo/gu\u012bm\u00f3/ch\u00edx\u00f9 sh\u00edji\u0101n mi\u00e1osh\u00f9) | \ud06c\uae30/\uaddc\ubaa8/\uc9c0\uc18d \ubb18\uc0ac (keugi/gyumo/jisok myosa) | Modifier indicating magnitude or temporal length |\r\n| 351 | adverb: superlative | adverbe: superlatif | \u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u526f\u8bcd (zu\u00ecg\u0101oj\u00ed f\u00f9c\u00ed) | \ucd5c\uc0c1\uae09 \ubd80\uc0ac (choisanggeup busa) | Modifier indicating the highest degree |\r\n| 352 | adverb: slightly | adverbe: l\u00e9g\u00e8rement | \u7a0d\u5fae\u526f\u8bcd (sh\u0101ow\u0113i f\u00f9c\u00ed) | \uc57d\uac04 \ubd80\uc0ac (yakgan busa) | Modifier indicating a small degree |\r\n| 401 | \"positive utility\", good | \"utilit\u00e9 positive\", bon | \u6b63\u6548\u7528/\u597d (zh\u00e8ng xi\u00e0oy\u00f2ng/h\u01ceo) | \uae0d\uc815\uc801 \ud6a8\uc6a9/\uc88b\uc74c (geungjeongjeok hyoyong/joeum) | Concept of something having beneficial value |\r\n| 402 | law, rules, procedural order | loi, r\u00e8gles, ordre proc\u00e9dural | \u6cd5\u5f8b/\u89c4\u5219/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u79e9\u5e8f (f\u01cel\u01dc/gu\u012bz\u00e9/ch\u00e9ngx\u00f9 zh\u00ecx\u00f9) | \ubc95/\uaddc\uce59/\uc808\ucc28 \uc9c8\uc11c (beop/gyuchik/jeolcha jilseo) | Systems of formalized governance |\r\n| 403 | ethical, good (not evil) | \u00e9thique, bon (pas mauvais) | \u9053\u5fb7/\u5584 (d\u00e0od\u00e9/sh\u00e0n) | \uc724\ub9ac\uc801/\uc120 (yunrijeok/seon) | Concept of moral rightness |\r\n| 404 | explore exploit tradeoff | compromis exploration-exploitation | \u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u6743\u8861 (t\u00e0nsu\u01d2 y\u01d4 l\u00ecy\u00f2ng qu\u00e1nh\u00e9ng) | \ud0d0\uc0c9-\ud65c\uc6a9 \uade0\ud615 (tamsaek-hwalyong gyunhyeong) | Balance between trying new options and using known resources |\r\n| 405 | probability, likelihood | probabilit\u00e9 | \u6982\u7387/\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 (g\u00e0il\u01dc/k\u011bn\u00e9ngx\u00ecng) | \ud655\ub960/\uac00\ub2a5\uc131 (hwakryul/ganeungseong) | Mathematical chance of an uncertain outcome |\r\n| 406 | belief, faith | croyance, foi | \u4fe1\u5ff5/\u4fe1\u4ef0 (x\u00ecnni\u00e0n/x\u00ecny\u01ceng) | \ubbff\uc74c/\uc2e0\uc559 (mideum/sinang) | Cognitive acceptance without empirical proof |\r\n| 407 | desire, to want | vouloir, d\u00e9sirer | \u6b32\u671b/\u8981 (y\u00f9w\u00e0ng/y\u00e0o) | \uc695\ub9dd/\uc6d0\ud558\ub2e4 (yongmang/wonhada) | Mental state of craving or wishing |\r\n| 408 | to represent, fiduciary | repr\u00e9senter, fiduciaire | \u4ee3\u8868/\u53d7\u6258 (d\u00e0ibi\u01ceo/sh\u00f2utu\u014d) | \ub300\ud45c\ud558\ub2e4/\uc218\ud0c1\uc790 (daepyohada/sutakja) | Act of standing in place of another |\r\n| 409 | to possess (part of whole) | poss\u00e9der (partie d'un tout) | \u5c5e\u4e8e (sh\u01d4y\u00fa) | \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\ub2e4 (sosokdoeda) | Relationship of component to system |\r\n| 410 | to possess (in inventory) | poss\u00e9der (dans l'inventaire) | \u62e5\u6709 (y\u014dngy\u01d2u) | \uc18c\uc720\ud558\ub2e4 (soyuhada) | Relationship of ownership |\r\n| 499 | existence | existence | \u5b58\u5728 (c\u00fanz\u00e0i) | \uc874\uc7ac (jonjae) | Indicator that a set contains at least one element |\r\n| 501 | measure word: discrete objects | classificateur: objets discrets | \u4e2a (g\u00e8) | \uac1c (gae) | Counter for individual items |\r\n| 502 | measure word: unit of measure | classificateur: unit\u00e9 de mesure | \u91cf\u8bcd\u5355\u4f4d (li\u00e0ngc\u00ed d\u0101nw\u00e8i) | \ub2e8\uc704 \ubd84\ub958\uc0ac (danwi bunryusa) | Indicator of standardized measurement |\r\n| 503 | measure word: some | classificateur: quelques | \u4e9b (xi\u0113) | \uc57d\uac04\uc758 (yakganui) | Indicator of an unspecified quantity |\r\n| 991 | hint: subject-verb transition | indice: transition sujet-verbe | \u4e3b\u8bed-\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u6e21 (zh\u01d4y\u01d4-d\u00f2ngc\u00ed gu\u00f2d\u00f9) | \uc8fc\uc5b4-\ub3d9\uc0ac \uc804\ud658 (jueo-dongsa jeonhwan) | Marker indicating shift from subject to predicate |\r\n| 992 | hint: verb-object transition | indice: transition verbe-objet | \u52a8\u8bcd-\u5bbe\u8bed\u8fc7\u6e21 (d\u00f2ngc\u00ed-b\u012bny\u01d4 gu\u00f2d\u00f9) | \ub3d9\uc0ac-\ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4 \uc804\ud658 (dongsa-mokjeogeo jeonhwan) | Marker indicating shift from action to recipient |\r\n| 993 | hint: object-object transition | indice: transition objet-objet | \u5bbe\u8bed-\u5bbe\u8bed\u8fc7\u6e21 (b\u012bny\u01d4-b\u012bny\u01d4 gu\u00f2d\u00f9) | \ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4-\ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4 \uc804\ud658 (mokjeogeo-mokjeogeo jeonhwan) | Marker indicating shift between multiple objects |\r\n>>>","created_at":"2025-05-05T22:00:39.352871","id":468,"llm_annotations":{},"parent_id":null,"processed_content":"

From the archives: a list of the 78 firmament terms from a linguistic taxonomy.\r

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The idea is, that once the basics are handled, one can begin with simple words, like dog and blue and wood.\r

Read More ...

\n \ud83d\udcac\n We must imagine Sisyphus Happy ...\r\n

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|------|---------|--------|---------|--------|------------|\r

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| Code | English | French | Chinese | Korean | Definition |\r

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|------|---------|--------|---------|--------|------------|\r

\n

| 1 | I / me | je / moi | \u6211 (w\u01d2) | \ub098 (na) | First-person singular pronoun referring to oneself as the subject or object |\r

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| 2 | you (singular) | tu / toi | \u4f60 (n\u01d0) | \ub108 (neo) | Second-person singular pronoun addressing a single person |\r

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| 3 | he / she / it | il / elle / \u00e7a | \u4ed6 / \u5979 / \u5b83 (t\u0101) | \uadf8/\uadf8\ub140/\uadf8\uac83 (geu/geunyeo/geugeot) | Third-person singular pronoun referring to another person or thing |\r

\n

| 4 | royal we | nous royal | \u6211\u4eec (w\u01d2men) | \uc9d0 (jim) | First-person plural pronoun used by royalty or authority figures to refer to themselves |\r

\n

| 5 | me and you | moi et toi | \u6211\u548c\u4f60 (w\u01d2 h\u00e9 n\u01d0) | \ub098\uc640 \ub108 (nawa neo) | First and second person pronouns combined as subjects |\r

\n

| 6 | you (plural) | vous | \u4f60\u4eec (n\u01d0men) | \ub108\ud76c (neohui) | Second-person plural pronoun addressing multiple people |\r

\n

| 7 | they | ils / elles | \u4ed6\u4eec / \u5979\u4eec (t\u0101men) | \uadf8\ub4e4 (geudeul) | Third-person plural pronoun referring to multiple people or things |\r

\n

| 8 | me and them | moi et eux | \u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec (w\u01d2 h\u00e9 t\u0101men) | \ub098\uc640 \uadf8\ub4e4 (nawa geudeul) | First-person singular and third-person plural pronouns combined |\r

\n

| 9 | you and he/she/they | toi et lui/elle/eux | \u4f60\u548c\u4ed6/\u5979/\u4ed6\u4eec (n\u01d0 h\u00e9 t\u0101/t\u0101men) | \ub108\uc640 \uadf8/\uadf8\ub140/\uadf8\ub4e4 (neowa geu/geunyeo/geudeul) | Second and third person pronouns combined as subjects |\r

\n

| 11 | this | ceci | \u8fd9 (zh\u00e8) | \uc774\uac83 (igeot) | Demonstrative pronoun referring to something near the speaker |\r

\n

| 12 | that | cela | \u90a3 (n\u00e0) | \uc800\uac83 (jeogeot) | Demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant from the speaker |\r

\n

| 13 | the other | l'autre | \u522b\u7684 (bi\u00e9 de) | \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83 (dareun geot) | Pronoun referring to something different from what was previously mentioned |\r

\n

| 21 | logical AND | et | \u548c/\u4e0e (h\u00e9/y\u01d4) | \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 (geurigo) | Logical operator indicating both conditions must be true |\r

\n

| 22 | logical INCLUSIVE-OR | ou | \u6216 (hu\u00f2) | \ub610\ub294 (ttoneun) | Logical operator meaning either or both conditions can be true |\r

\n

| 23 | logical EXCLUSIVE-OR | ou exclusif | \u5f02\u6216 (y\u00ec hu\u00f2) | \ubc30\ud0c0\uc801 \ub610\ub294 (baetajeok ttoneun) | Logical operator meaning exactly one condition must be true |\r

\n

| 24 | logical NOT | ne pas | \u4e0d (b\u00f9) | \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4 (anida) | Logical operator that negates or inverts a condition |\r

\n

| 31 | boolean TRUE | vrai | \u771f (zh\u0113n) | \ucc38 (cham) | Boolean value representing a condition that is factually correct |\r

\n

| 32 | boolean FALSE | faux | \u5047 (ji\u01ce) | \uac70\uc9d3 (geojit) | Boolean value representing a condition that is factually incorrect |\r

\n

| 33 | boolean INDETERMINATE | ind\u00e9termin\u00e9 | \u4e0d\u5b9a (b\u00f9d\u00ecng) | \ubbf8\ud655\uc815 (mihwakjeong) | Boolean value representing a condition that cannot be determined to be true or false |\r

\n

| 34 | boolean UNKNOWN | inconnu | \u672a\u77e5 (w\u00e8izh\u012b) | \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c (al su eobseum) | Boolean value representing a condition whose truth value is not yet known |\r

\n

| 35 | boolean RANDOM | al\u00e9atoire | \u968f\u673a (su\u00edj\u012b) | \ubb34\uc791\uc704 (mujakwi) | Boolean value that is randomly determined to be either true or false |\r

\n

| 41 | reference name definition | d\u00e9finition de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence | \u5f15\u7528\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49 (y\u01d0ny\u00f2ng m\u00edng d\u00ecngy\u00ec) | \ucc38\uc870\uba85 \uc815\uc758 (chamjomyeong jeongui) | Symbol that establishes a name for later reference |\r

\n

| 42 | reference link | lien de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence | \u5f15\u7528\u94fe\u63a5 (y\u01d0ny\u00f2ng li\u00e0nji\u0113) | \ucc38\uc870 \ub9c1\ud06c (chamjo lingkeu) | Symbol that refers back to a previously defined reference |\r

\n

| 51 | list beginning indicator | d\u00e9but de liste | \u5217\u8868\u5f00\u59cb (li\u00e8bi\u01ceo k\u0101ish\u01d0) | \ubaa9\ub85d \uc2dc\uc791 \ud45c\uc2dc (mogrok sijak pyosi) | Symbol indicating the start of a list structure |\r

\n

| 52 | list separator indicator | s\u00e9parateur de liste | \u5217\u8868\u5206\u9694\u7b26 (li\u00e8bi\u01ceo f\u0113ng\u00e9f\u00fa) | \ubaa9\ub85d \uad6c\ubd84 \ud45c\uc2dc (mogrok gubeun pyosi) | Symbol separating items within a list |\r

\n

| 53 | list terminator indicator | fin de liste | \u5217\u8868\u7ed3\u675f (li\u00e8bi\u01ceo ji\u00e9sh\u00f9) | \ubaa9\ub85d \uc885\ub8cc \ud45c\uc2dc (mogrok jongyo pyosi) | Symbol indicating the end of a list structure |\r

\n

| 61 | string beginning indicator | d\u00e9but de cha\u00eene | \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u59cb (z\u00ecf\u00fachu\u00e0n k\u0101ish\u01d0) | \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4 \uc2dc\uc791 \ud45c\uc2dc (munjalyeol sijak pyosi) | Symbol marking the beginning of a text string |\r

\n

| 62 | string ending indicator | fin de cha\u00eene | \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u675f (z\u00ecf\u00fachu\u00e0n ji\u00e9sh\u00f9) | \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4 \uc885\ub8cc \ud45c\uc2dc (munjalyeol jongyo pyosi) | Symbol marking the end of a text string |\r

\n

| 71 | namespace indicator | indicateur d'espace de noms | \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u6807\u8bc6 (m\u00ecngm\u00edng k\u014dngji\u0101n bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \ud45c\uc2dc (neimseupeseu pyosi) | Symbol separating hierarchical naming contexts |\r

\n

| 81 | number indicator | indicateur de nombre | \u6570\u5b57\u6807\u8bc6 (sh\u00f9z\u00ec bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \uc22b\uc790 \ud45c\uc2dc (sutja pyosi) | Symbol indicating that what follows is a numeric value |\r

\n

| 82 | Unicode code point indicator | indicateur de point de code Unicode | Unicode\u7801\u4f4d\u6807\u8bc6 (Unicode m\u01cew\u00e8i bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \uc720\ub2c8\ucf54\ub4dc \ucf54\ub4dc \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8 \ud45c\uc2dc (yunikodeu kodeu pointeu pyosi) | Symbol indicating a specific Unicode character reference |\r

\n

| 91 | use-mention indicator | indicateur d'usage-mention | \u4f7f\u7528-\u63d0\u53ca\u6807\u8bc6 (sh\u01d0y\u00f2ng-t\u00edj\u00ed bi\u0101osh\u00ed) | \uc0ac\uc6a9-\uc5b8\uae09 \ud45c\uc2dc (sayong-eongeup pyosi) | Symbol distinguishing between using a term and mentioning it |\r

\n

| 101 | conversational register | registre conversationnel | \u4f1a\u8bdd\u8bed\u57df (hu\u00echu\u00e0 y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \ub300\ud654\uccb4 (daehwache) | Linguistic marker indicating casual speech between peers |\r

\n

| 102 | inquiry register / question mark | registre interrogatif | \u7591\u95ee\u8bed\u57df / \u5417 (y\u00edw\u00e8n y\u01d4y\u00f9 / ma) | \uc758\ubb38\uccb4 / ? (uimunche) | Linguistic marker indicating a question is being asked |\r

\n

| 103 | command register | registre imp\u00e9ratif | \u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u57df (m\u00ecngl\u00ecng y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uba85\ub839\uccb4 (myeongryeongche) | Linguistic marker indicating a directive or instruction |\r

\n

| 104 | suggestion register | registre suggestif | \u5efa\u8bae\u8bed\u57df / \u5427 (ji\u00e0ny\u00ec y\u01d4y\u00f9 / ba) | \uc81c\uc548\uccb4 (jeanche) | Linguistic marker indicating a recommendation or suggestion |\r

\n

| 105 | declaratory register | registre d\u00e9claratif | \u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u57df (ch\u00e9nsh\u00f9 y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uc11c\uc220\uccb4 (seosulche) | Linguistic marker indicating a statement of fact |\r

\n

| 106 | observational register | registre observationnel | \u89c2\u5bdf\u8bed\u57df (gu\u0101nch\u00e1 y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uad00\ucc30\uccb4 (gwanchalche) | Linguistic marker indicating a direct observation |\r

\n

| 107 | intent declaration register | registre de d\u00e9claration d'intention | \u610f\u56fe\u58f0\u660e\u8bed\u57df (y\u00ect\u00fa sh\u0113ngm\u00edng y\u01d4y\u00f9) | \uc758\ub3c4 \uc120\uc5b8\uccb4 (uido seoneonche) | Linguistic marker indicating a statement of future intention |\r

\n

| 141 | politeness indicator: to a divine entity | indicateur de politesse: divinit\u00e9 | \u656c\u795e\u8bed (j\u00ecngsh\u00e9n y\u01d4) | \uc2e0\uc559 \uacbd\uc5b4 (sinang gyeongeo) | Linguistic marker showing extreme deference to a deity |\r

\n

| 151 | politeness indicator: towards a guardian/parent | indicateur de politesse: parent | \u5c0a\u957f\u8bed (z\u016bnzh\u01ceng y\u01d4) | \ubd80\ubaa8 \uc874\ub300\uc5b4 (bumo jondaeeo) | Linguistic marker showing respect to a parent figure |\r

\n

| 152 | politeness indicator: to a government official | indicateur de politesse: officiel | \u5b98\u65b9\u656c\u8bed (gu\u0101nf\u0101ng j\u00ecngy\u01d4) | \uad00\ub9ac \uc874\ub300\uc5b4 (gwalli jondaeeo) | Linguistic marker showing respect to an authority figure |\r

\n

| 153 | politeness indicator: to a peer | indicateur de politesse: pair | \u5e73\u8f88\u8bed (p\u00edngb\u00e8i y\u01d4) | \ub3d9\ub8cc \uc874\ub300\uc5b4 (dongryo jondaeeo) | Linguistic marker showing respect to equals |\r

\n

| 154 | politeness indicator: to a close friend | indicateur de politesse: ami proche | \u4eb2\u53cb\u8bed (q\u012bny\u01d2u y\u01d4) | \uce5c\uad6c \ubc18\ub9d0 (chingu banmal) | Linguistic marker showing familiarity to friends |\r

\n

| 155 | politeness indicator: to a small child | indicateur de politesse: petit enfant | \u7ae5\u8bed (t\u00f3ng y\u01d4) | \uc544\uc774 \ubc18\ub9d0 (ai banmal) | Linguistic marker showing gentle speech to children |\r

\n

| 201 | category: time | cat\u00e9gorie: temps | \u65f6\u95f4\u7c7b (sh\u00edji\u0101n l\u00e8i) | \uc2dc\uac04 \ubc94\uc8fc (sigan beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to temporal dimensions |\r

\n

| 202 | category: place | cat\u00e9gorie: lieu | \u5730\u70b9\u7c7b (d\u00ecdi\u01cen l\u00e8i) | \uc7a5\uc18c \ubc94\uc8fc (jangso beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to spatial locations |\r

\n

| 203 | category: element | cat\u00e9gorie: \u00e9l\u00e9ment | \u5143\u7d20\u7c7b (yu\u00e1ns\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \uc6d0\uc18c \ubc94\uc8fc (wonso beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to fundamental substances |\r

\n

| 204 | category: number | cat\u00e9gorie: nombre | \u6570\u5b57\u7c7b (sh\u00f9z\u00ec l\u00e8i) | \uc22b\uc790 \ubc94\uc8fc (sutja beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to numeric values |\r

\n

| 211 | category: animal | cat\u00e9gorie: animal | \u52a8\u7269\u7c7b (d\u00f2ngw\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \ub3d9\ubb3c \ubc94\uc8fc (dongmul beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to fauna |\r

\n

| 212 | category: plant | cat\u00e9gorie: plante | \u690d\u7269\u7c7b (zh\u00edw\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \uc2dd\ubb3c \ubc94\uc8fc (singmul beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to flora |\r

\n

| 213 | category: microbe | cat\u00e9gorie: microbe | \u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7c7b (w\u0113ish\u0113ngw\u00f9 l\u00e8i) | \ubbf8\uc0dd\ubb3c \ubc94\uc8fc (misaengmul beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to microscopic organisms |\r

\n

| 221 | category: majestic object | cat\u00e9gorie: objet majestueux | \u5b8f\u4f1f\u7269\u4f53\u7c7b (h\u00f3ngw\u011bi w\u00f9t\u01d0 l\u00e8i) | \uc6c5\uc7a5\ud55c \ubb3c\uccb4 \ubc94\uc8fc (ungjanghan muljae beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to impressive natural or constructed objects |\r

\n

| 222 | category: network object | cat\u00e9gorie: objet r\u00e9seau | \u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b (w\u01cenglu\u00f2 du\u00ecxi\u00e0ng l\u00e8i) | \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uac1d\uccb4 \ubc94\uc8fc (neteuwokeu gaechae beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to connected systems |\r

\n

| 223 | category: appliance | cat\u00e9gorie: appareil | \u7535\u5668\u7c7b (di\u00e0nq\u00ec l\u00e8i) | \uac00\uc804\uc81c\ud488 \ubc94\uc8fc (gajeonjedeum beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to functional machines |\r

\n

| 224 | category: personal object | cat\u00e9gorie: objet personnel | \u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u7c7b (g\u00e8r\u00e9n w\u00f9p\u01d0n l\u00e8i) | \uac1c\uc778 \ubb3c\ud488 \ubc94\uc8fc (gaein mulpum beomju) | Indicator for concepts related to items owned by individuals |\r

\n

| 301 | descriptor: shape | descripteur: forme | \u5f62\u72b6\u63cf\u8ff0 (x\u00edngzhu\u00e0ng mi\u00e1osh\u00f9) | \ud615\ud0dc \ubb18\uc0ac (hyeongtae myosa) | Modifier indicating physical configuration |\r

\n

| 302 | descriptor: color | descripteur: couleur | \u989c\u8272\u63cf\u8ff0 (y\u00e1ns\u00e8 mi\u00e1osh\u00f9) | \uc0c9\uc0c1 \ubb18\uc0ac (saeksang myosa) | Modifier indicating visual hue |\r

\n

| 303 | descriptor: size, scale, duration | descripteur: taille, \u00e9chelle, dur\u00e9e | \u5927\u5c0f/\u89c4\u6a21/\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u63cf\u8ff0 (d\u00e0xi\u01ceo/gu\u012bm\u00f3/ch\u00edx\u00f9 sh\u00edji\u0101n mi\u00e1osh\u00f9) | \ud06c\uae30/\uaddc\ubaa8/\uc9c0\uc18d \ubb18\uc0ac (keugi/gyumo/jisok myosa) | Modifier indicating magnitude or temporal length |\r

\n

| 351 | adverb: superlative | adverbe: superlatif | \u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u526f\u8bcd (zu\u00ecg\u0101oj\u00ed f\u00f9c\u00ed) | \ucd5c\uc0c1\uae09 \ubd80\uc0ac (choisanggeup busa) | Modifier indicating the highest degree |\r

\n

| 352 | adverb: slightly | adverbe: l\u00e9g\u00e8rement | \u7a0d\u5fae\u526f\u8bcd (sh\u0101ow\u0113i f\u00f9c\u00ed) | \uc57d\uac04 \ubd80\uc0ac (yakgan busa) | Modifier indicating a small degree |\r

\n

| 401 | \"positive utility\", good | \"utilit\u00e9 positive\", bon | \u6b63\u6548\u7528/\u597d (zh\u00e8ng xi\u00e0oy\u00f2ng/h\u01ceo) | \uae0d\uc815\uc801 \ud6a8\uc6a9/\uc88b\uc74c (geungjeongjeok hyoyong/joeum) | Concept of something having beneficial value |\r

\n

| 402 | law, rules, procedural order | loi, r\u00e8gles, ordre proc\u00e9dural | \u6cd5\u5f8b/\u89c4\u5219/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u79e9\u5e8f (f\u01cel\u01dc/gu\u012bz\u00e9/ch\u00e9ngx\u00f9 zh\u00ecx\u00f9) | \ubc95/\uaddc\uce59/\uc808\ucc28 \uc9c8\uc11c (beop/gyuchik/jeolcha jilseo) | Systems of formalized governance |\r

\n

| 403 | ethical, good (not evil) | \u00e9thique, bon (pas mauvais) | \u9053\u5fb7/\u5584 (d\u00e0od\u00e9/sh\u00e0n) | \uc724\ub9ac\uc801/\uc120 (yunrijeok/seon) | Concept of moral rightness |\r

\n

| 404 | explore exploit tradeoff | compromis exploration-exploitation | \u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u6743\u8861 (t\u00e0nsu\u01d2 y\u01d4 l\u00ecy\u00f2ng qu\u00e1nh\u00e9ng) | \ud0d0\uc0c9-\ud65c\uc6a9 \uade0\ud615 (tamsaek-hwalyong gyunhyeong) | Balance between trying new options and using known resources |\r

\n

| 405 | probability, likelihood | probabilit\u00e9 | \u6982\u7387/\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 (g\u00e0il\u01dc/k\u011bn\u00e9ngx\u00ecng) | \ud655\ub960/\uac00\ub2a5\uc131 (hwakryul/ganeungseong) | Mathematical chance of an uncertain outcome |\r

\n

| 406 | belief, faith | croyance, foi | \u4fe1\u5ff5/\u4fe1\u4ef0 (x\u00ecnni\u00e0n/x\u00ecny\u01ceng) | \ubbff\uc74c/\uc2e0\uc559 (mideum/sinang) | Cognitive acceptance without empirical proof |\r

\n

| 407 | desire, to want | vouloir, d\u00e9sirer | \u6b32\u671b/\u8981 (y\u00f9w\u00e0ng/y\u00e0o) | \uc695\ub9dd/\uc6d0\ud558\ub2e4 (yongmang/wonhada) | Mental state of craving or wishing |\r

\n

| 408 | to represent, fiduciary | repr\u00e9senter, fiduciaire | \u4ee3\u8868/\u53d7\u6258 (d\u00e0ibi\u01ceo/sh\u00f2utu\u014d) | \ub300\ud45c\ud558\ub2e4/\uc218\ud0c1\uc790 (daepyohada/sutakja) | Act of standing in place of another |\r

\n

| 409 | to possess (part of whole) | poss\u00e9der (partie d'un tout) | \u5c5e\u4e8e (sh\u01d4y\u00fa) | \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\ub2e4 (sosokdoeda) | Relationship of component to system |\r

\n

| 410 | to possess (in inventory) | poss\u00e9der (dans l'inventaire) | \u62e5\u6709 (y\u014dngy\u01d2u) | \uc18c\uc720\ud558\ub2e4 (soyuhada) | Relationship of ownership |\r

\n

| 499 | existence | existence | \u5b58\u5728 (c\u00fanz\u00e0i) | \uc874\uc7ac (jonjae) | Indicator that a set contains at least one element |\r

\n

| 501 | measure word: discrete objects | classificateur: objets discrets | \u4e2a (g\u00e8) | \uac1c (gae) | Counter for individual items |\r

\n

| 502 | measure word: unit of measure | classificateur: unit\u00e9 de mesure | \u91cf\u8bcd\u5355\u4f4d (li\u00e0ngc\u00ed d\u0101nw\u00e8i) | \ub2e8\uc704 \ubd84\ub958\uc0ac (danwi bunryusa) | Indicator of standardized measurement |\r

\n

| 503 | measure word: some | classificateur: quelques | \u4e9b (xi\u0113) | \uc57d\uac04\uc758 (yakganui) | Indicator of an unspecified quantity |\r

\n

| 991 | hint: subject-verb transition | indice: transition sujet-verbe | \u4e3b\u8bed-\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u6e21 (zh\u01d4y\u01d4-d\u00f2ngc\u00ed gu\u00f2d\u00f9) | \uc8fc\uc5b4-\ub3d9\uc0ac \uc804\ud658 (jueo-dongsa jeonhwan) | Marker indicating shift from subject to predicate |\r

\n

| 992 | hint: verb-object transition | indice: transition verbe-objet | \u52a8\u8bcd-\u5bbe\u8bed\u8fc7\u6e21 (d\u00f2ngc\u00ed-b\u012bny\u01d4 gu\u00f2d\u00f9) | \ub3d9\uc0ac-\ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4 \uc804\ud658 (dongsa-mokjeogeo jeonhwan) | Marker indicating shift from action to recipient |\r

\n

| 993 | hint: object-object transition | indice: transition objet-objet | \u5bbe\u8bed-\u5bbe\u8bed\u8fc7\u6e21 (b\u012bny\u01d4-b\u012bny\u01d4 gu\u00f2d\u00f9) | \ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4-\ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4 \uc804\ud658 (mokjeogeo-mokjeogeo jeonhwan) | Marker indicating shift between multiple objects |\r

","quotes":[{"text":"We must imagine Sisyphus Happy ...","type":"personal"}],"subject":"Multilingual Linguistic Terms Table"}